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Salomon, G. (1993). Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. Distributed Cognitions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Brown, A. L., Ash, D., Rutherford, M., Nakagawa, K., Gordon, A., & Campione, J. C. (1993). Distributed Expertise in the Classroom. In G. Salomon (Ed.), Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
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Repenning, A. (1993). Domain-Tailored Spatial Metaphors. In INTERCHI ‘93: Workshop on Spatial Metaphors (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
Abstract: Spatial metaphors play an important role in human-computer interaction by suggesting analogies to real-world situations. Based on common beliefs, these analogies can help users to make more efficient use of high-functionality systems. Our goal is to employ spatial metaphors to create new, improved approaches for programming. The use of spatial metaphors raises some issues. (1) Inconsistencies between real-world situations and metaphors may be necessary but they can confuse users. (2) The spatial metaphors employed in current user interfaces are very rigid, i.e., they cannot be extended by application designers or users. (3) Spatial metaphors focus on the user interface part of systems and neglect domain-specific functionality of applications. This paper elaborates on these issues and briefly describes three programming tools developed at the University of Colorado which make use of spatial metaphors.
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Fischer, G., Nakakoji, K., Ostwald, J., Stahl, G., & Sumner, T. (1993). Embedding Computer-Based Critics in the Contexts of Design. In S. Ashlund, K. Mullet, A. Henderson, E. Hollnagel, & T. White (Eds.), Proceedings of INTERCHI'93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 157–164). New York: ACM Press.
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Fischer, G., Nakakoji, K., Ostwald, J., Stahl, G., & Sumner, T. (1993). Embedding Critics in Design Environments. The Knowledge Engineering Review Journal, 8(4), 285–307.
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