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Ackerman, D., & Stelovsky, J. (1986). The Role of Mental Models in Programming: From Experience to Requirements for an interactive System. In P. Gorny, & T. J. Tauber (Eds.), Visualization in Programming (pp. 53–69). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Abstract: Ackerman perceives the act of programming as a mapping from from the intended actions of a programmer to into operations provided by a programming system -> action-operation mapping. To improve programming perfomance a system should reduce working memory load of the programmer by supplying choices explicitely. More generaly the XS-2 approach is viewed as a good one: 1) where did I come from. 2) where am I now 3) where can I go. Ackerman's work describes the coceptualizations made by individual programmers; abstraction, generalization. He then suggest to account for these differences by providing user-tailorable components to keep up motivation and efficiency of programmers. Experience with the XS-2 system revealed that a system can be too explicit. Lesson show context but make the amount of context user-tailorable.
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Ford, G. A., & Wiener, R. S. (1985). Modula-2, A Software Development Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
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Wirth, N. (1971). Program Development by Stepwise Refinement. Communications of the ACM, 14(4), 221–227.
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Wirth, N. (1973). Systematic Programming: An Introduction. Systematic Programming. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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Wirth, N. (1976). Algorithm + Data Systems = Programs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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